What is Dyslexia and Specific Learning Difficulties (SpLD)?
Dyslexia is a specific learning difficulty (SPLD). This is an umbrella term that is often used in schools to describe difficulties in certain skills. It is different from General Learning Difficulties, a term used to describe pupils with difficulties in all areas of learning. Many practitioners prefer the term “Specific Learning Difference” because it describes a pattern of strengths and weaknesses; there are often positives from having dyslexia as well as negatives.
The most commonly recognised description of dyslexia can be found in Sir Jim Rose’s Report on ‘Identifying and Teaching Children and Young People with Dyslexia and Literacy Difficulties,’ written in 2009, as follows:
Dyslexia is a learning difficulty that primarily affects the skills involved in accurate and fluent word reading and spelling. Characteristic features of dyslexia are difficulties in:
- phonological awareness (the ability to discriminate and manipulate speech sounds)
- verbal memory
- verbal processing speed
Dyslexia can occur across the range of intellectual abilities. It is best thought of as a continuum, not a distinct category, and there are no clear cut-off points. Co-occurring difficulties may be seen in aspects of language, motor co-ordination, mental calculation, concentration and personal organisation, but these are not, by themselves, markers of dyslexia. A good indication of the severity and persistence of dyslexic difficulties can be gained by examining how the individual responds or has responded to well-founded intervention.


